NCSI :: China

43. China 60.00

43rd	National Cyber Security Index
N/A	Global Cybersecurity Index
35th	E-Government Development Index
17th	Network Readiness Index

Population		1,410.7million
Area (km2)		9.6million
GDP per capita ($)		24.6thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
29 Nov 2023		Public data collection

Version 3 Jul 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 1/7 14%

1
7 14%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20161227164714
  
  National Cyberspace Security Strategy
  
  https://chinacopyrightandmedia.wordpress.com/2016/12/27/national-cyberspace-security-strategy/
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/upload/File/2016_cncert_report.pdf
  
  2016 China Internet Cyber Security Report.
  Table of contents (translated by Google):
  Summary of the Cybersecurity Situation 2016 15
  1.1 2016 China Internet Network Security Monitoring Data Analysis ...................... ... 15
  1.2 The State of Internet Security in China in 2016 ................. ............... 25
  1.3 Data Guide ............................................................... 31
  2.1 2016 IoT Device Vulnerability Analysis (Source: CNCERT / CC) ..................... 34
  2.2 on the 2016 "album" category Android malicious program monitoring and disposal of the notification..... 41
  2.3 Mirai Botnet Depth Analysis.................... 48
  2.4 Cyber Attacks from the South Asian Subcontinent (Source: Allianz) ................. 71
  2.5 Black-tailed Phenomenon in the Billgates Botnet (Source: Bright Star) ............. 89
  3.1 Trojan and botnet monitoring situation .............................. 104
  3.2 "Flying off" worm monitoring .......................................... ............................. 114
  3.3 Malicious Program Communication Activity Monitoring ................ 117
  3.4 Notification of reporting by member units ....................................... ............................ 120
  4.1 Mobile Internet Malicious Program Monitoring ....................................... ................. 130
  4.2 Mobile Internet Malicious Program Transmission Activity Monitoring ......... 133
  4.3 Notification of reporting by member units ....................................... ........................... 135
  5.1 network tampering ............................................. ........................................ 151
  5.2 Backdoor situation ............................................. ........................................ 154
  5.3 Fake phishing ...................................................... ....................................... 158
  5.4 Notification of submission by member units ........................ 160
  6.1 CNVD Vulnerability Records ................................... 174
  6.2 Inclusion of CNVD Vulnerability Database ........................... 177
  6.3 Vulnerability reporting and notification ................ 180
  6.4 High Risk Vulnerability Typical Case ............................... 182
  
  http://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/upload/File/2016%20situation.pdf
  
  Summary of Internet Security in China in 2016
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
3. Education and professional development 8/9 89%

8
9 89%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://en.scut.edu.cn/detail.jsp?id=17830
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www2.scut.edu.cn/cs_en/2017/0628/c6862a169856/page.htm
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://admission.whu.edu.cn/courses/show-1074.html
  
  http://www2.scut.edu.cn/cs_en/2017/0628/c6862a169851/page.htm
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.isaca.org/membership/local-chapter-information/pages/chapteroverview.aspx?chapterid=064
  
  China Hong Kong Chapter
  
  http://www3.asiainsurancereview.com/News/View-NewsLetter-Article?id=35519&Type=arm
  
  Cyber Security Association of China also exists since 2016, connecting the government, private sector, and researchers, but no relevant link could be found.
4. Contribution to global cyber security 1/6 17%

1
6 17%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.first.org/members/teams/
  
  https://www.apcert.org/about/structure/members.html
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 0/5 0%

0
5 0%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
6. Protection of essential services 5/6 83%

5
6 83%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116_2.htm
  
  Art 33, 34, 36, 38
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116.htm
  
  Article 32
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116_2.htm
  
  Article 38
7. E-identification and trust services 2/9 22%

2
9 22%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://web.archive.org/web/20110625045645/http://www.hznet.gov.cn/xq/tonglu/zcfg1/flfg/3/104.HTM
  
  "First, the citizenship number in accordance with GB11643-1999 "citizenship number" national standard prepared by the 18 digits: the first 6 digits for the administrative divisions, 7 to 14 bits for the birth date code, the first 15 to 17 for the sequence code , The first 18 bits for the check code. Second, the citizenship number is the only life-long identity code for each citizen from the date of birth and will be widely used by citizens of our country in dealing with rights and interests involving politics, economy and social life. Ministry of Public Security is responsible for the preparation of citizenship number and organization and implementation."
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.3. Electronic identification 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=182409
- 7.5. Timestamping 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
8. Protection of personal data 1/4 25%

1
4 25%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://chinacopyrightandmedia.wordpress.com/2012/12/28/national-peoples-congress-standing-committee-decision-concerning-strengthening-network-information-protection/
  
  http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2012-12/28/content_2301231.htm
  
  Original text in Chinese
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 3/6 50%

3
6 50%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cert.org.cn/publish/english/index.html
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
10. Cyber crisis management 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.apcert.org/documents/pdf/APCERTDrill2017PressRelease.pdf
  
  APCERT Drill 2017 (March 2017)
  
  http://www.cert.org.cn/publish/english/55/2017/20170926154444934286618/20170926154444934286618_.html
  
  ASEAN CERT Incident Drill 2017 (September 2017)
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
11. Fight against cybercrime 1/9 11%

1
9 11%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/27/2012/20120330183543677262930/20120330183543677262930_.html
  
  Chapter IV Legal Liability. Crimes covered include: illegal intrusion into a computer system; illegally accessing or manipulating data resident on a computer system; providing computer programs or tools to intrude into or illegally control a computer system; inflicting damage to a computer system; failure to fulfil the security management obligations for an information network; illegal use of an information network; aiding a crime in relation to an information network; traditional types of criminal offences that are committed in connection with computer systems (eg, online theft or fraud); and other related offences of a serious nature.
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
12. Military cyber operations 3/6 50%

3
6 50%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://thediplomat.com/2015/03/china-finally-admits-to-hacking/
  
  No public information available
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence

Information Disclaimer

The information provided on the NCSI website is based on publicly available evidence materials. The appearance in the index and subsequent ranking is commensurate to the existence and public availability of such information. The NCSI links to third party websites and information. The NCSI and eGA are not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of third party website information.

What can I do to improve my country's data in NCSI?

Become a data contributor Update a specific indicator with evidence data

CONTRIBUTORS

Yuanming Zhu
Independent Country Contributor

43. China 60.00

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 3 Jul 2018 Choose a version 29 Nov 2023

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Requirements

Evidence

Version 3 Jul 2018