NCSI :: China

Archived data from 2016-2023

72. China 51.95

72nd	National Cyber Security Index
33rd	Global Cybersecurity Index
80th	ICT Development Index
23rd	Networked Readiness Index

Population		1,377.4million
Area (km2)		9.6million
GDP per capita ($)		16.7thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
1 Mar 2022		Public data collection

Version 1 Mar 2022

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 1/7 14%

1
7 14%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20161227164714
  
  National Cyberspace Security Strategy
  
  https://chinacopyrightandmedia.wordpress.com/2016/12/27/national-cyberspace-security-strategy/
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/46/index.html
  
  CNCERT/CC has published yearly reports:
  
  2020 China Internet Cybersecurity Report
  
  2019 China Internet Cybersecurity Report
  
  2018 China Internet Cybersecurity Report
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
3. Education and professional development 8/9 89%

8
9 89%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://english.hust.edu.cn/ADMISSION/Programs1/Undergraduate_Programs.htm
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www2.scut.edu.cn/cs_en/2017/0628/c6862a169856/page.htm
  
  https://isc.sjtu.edu.cn/kindeditor/Upload/file/20210930/20210930155244_1058.pdf
  
  http://cs.whu.edu.cn/jiaoxue_show.aspx?id=4
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www2.scut.edu.cn/cs_en/2017/0628/c6862a169851/page.htm
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.isaca.org.hk/web/
  
  ISACA Hong Kong Chapter
  
  https://www.cybersac.cn/News/getNewsDetail/id/87/type/41
  
  Cyber Security Association of China
4. Contribution to global cyber security 2/6 33%

2
6 33%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.first.org/members/teams/#China
  
  https://www.apcert.org/about/structure/members.html
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/12/2021/20210709120351137901476/20210709120351137901476_.html
  
  https://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/12/2019/20191203114625244128177/20191203114625244128177_.html

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 4/5 80%

4
5 80%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/1994-02/19/c_126193562.htm
  
  Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/1994-02/19/c_126193562.htm
  
  The Ministry of Public Security according to Article 6 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2014-10/08/c_1112737294.htm
  
  The Ministry of Public Security according to Article 3 of the Measures for the Administration of the Security Protection of the International Networking of Computer Information Networks
6. Protection of essential services 6/6 100%

6
6 100%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116_2.htm
  
  Article 31 of the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/17/c_1630785976988160.htm
  
  Article 2 of the Regulations on the Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116_2.htm
  
  Section 2 (Articles 33, 34, 36, 38) of Chapter III of the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/17/c_1630785976988160.htm
  
  Chapter III of the Regulations on the Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2020-04/27/c_1589535450769077.htm
  
  Cyber Security Review Measures
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/17/c_1630785976988160.htm
  
  The Ministry of Public Security according to Article 3 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116_2.htm
  
  Article 38 of the Regulations of the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/17/c_1630785976988160.htm
  
  Article 17 of the Regulations on the Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure
7. E-identification and trust services 2/9 22%

2
9 22%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://web.archive.org/web/20110625045645/http://www.hznet.gov.cn/xq/tonglu/zcfg1/flfg/3/104.HTM
  
  "First, the citizenship number in accordance with GB11643-1999 "citizenship number" national standard prepared by the 18 digits: the first 6 digits for the administrative divisions, 7 to 14 bits for the birth date code, the first 15 to 17 for the sequence code , The first 18 bits for the check code. Second, the citizenship number is the only life-long identity code for each citizen from the date of birth and will be widely used by citizens of our country in dealing with rights and interests involving politics, economy and social life. Ministry of Public Security is responsible for the preparation of citizenship number and organization and implementation."
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.3. Electronic identification 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2004-08/28/c_126468489.htm
  
  Electronic Signature Law of the People's Republic of China
- 7.5. Timestamping 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/20/c_1631050028355286.htm
  
  Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/20/c_1631050028355286.htm
  
  The State Cyberspace Administration according to Article 60 of the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China.

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 4/6 67%

4
6 67%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cert.org.cn/publish/english/index.html
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/1994-02/19/c_126193562.htm
  
  Article 14 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/17/c_1630785976988160.htm
  
  Article 18 of the Regulations on the Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
10. Cyber crisis management 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.apcert.org/documents/pdf/APCERT_Drill2021_Press%20Release.pdf
  
  APCERT Drill 2021
  
  http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-12/12/c_138626263.htm
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
11. Fight against cybercrime 4/9 44%

4
9 44%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/27/2012/20120330183543677262930/20120330183543677262930_.html
  
  Chapter IV of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems
  
  http://www.cac.gov.cn/zcfg/bmgz/More.htm
  
  Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Illegal Use of Information Networks and Helping Information Network Criminal Activities
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  According to Article 6 of the People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China, the Police ‘(12) Supervise and manage the safety protection of computer information systems;’
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
12. Military cyber operations 3/6 50%

3
6 50%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://thediplomat.com/2015/03/china-finally-admits-to-hacking/
  
  No public information available
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence

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The information provided on the NCSI website is based on publicly available evidence materials. The appearance in the index and subsequent ranking is commensurate to the existence and public availability of such information. The NCSI links to third party websites and information. The NCSI and eGA are not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of third party website information.

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Archived data from 2016-2023

72. China 51.95

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 1 Mar 2022 Choose a version 1 Mar 2022 3 Jul 2018 11 May 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

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Version 1 Mar 2022