NCSI :: Egypt

Archived data from 2016-2023

61. Egypt 57.14

61st	National Cyber Security Index
23rd	Global Cybersecurity Index
103rd	ICT Development Index
77th	Networked Readiness Index

Population		91.3million
Area (km2)		1.0million
GDP per capita ($)		12.6thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
22 Nov 2021		Public data collection

Version 22 Nov 2021

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 6/7 86%

6
7 86%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.escc.gov.eg/page1_2_en.html
  
  Egyptian Supreme Cybersecurity Council (ESCC) according to Prime Minister’s Decree No. 1630 of 2016
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.escc.gov.eg/page1_2_en.html
  
  Egyptian Supreme Cybersecurity Council (ESCC) according to Prime Minister’s Decree No. 1630 of 2016
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.egcert.eg/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/strategy.pdf
  
  National Cybersecurity Strategy 2017-2021
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.egcert.eg/awareness-materials/
  
  -Security awareness material provided by EG-CERT
3. Education and professional development 9/9 100%

9
9 100%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://moe.gov.eg/media/ddokiekh/1_prep_e_second_term_2018.pdf
  
  First year of the middle school computer and information and communication technology book includes ‘internet safety’ (p186)
  
  https://moe.gov.eg/media/04vjvub0/2prep_2term_eng_201_2017.pdf
  
  Second year of the middle school computer and information and communication technology book includes ‘Internet Safety’ (p 92)
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://tkh.edu.eg/programmes/coventry-ethical-hacking/
  
  BSc Ethical Hacking and Cybersecurity at Coventry University in Cairo
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.nu.edu.eg/program/description/m.sc.-and-professional-master-in-information-security/
  
  M.Sc. and Professional Master in Information Security at Nile University
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.nu.edu.eg/program/description/ph.d.-of-computer-science:-information-security /
  
  Ph.D. of Computer Science: Information Security at Nile University
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://engage.isaca.org/cairochapter/home
  
  ISACA Cairo Chapter
  
  https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cairo
  
  OWASP Cairo Chapter
4. Contribution to global cyber security 2/6 33%

2
6 33%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.first.org/members/teams/#egypt
  
  https://www.oic-cert.org/en/allmembers.html#.Whsv3baB1AZ
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Media_Center/Latest_News/News/63536
  
  EG-CERT Co-Organizes Africa Cybersecurity Drill

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.escc.gov.eg/page1_3_en.html
  
  Article (1) of the Prime Minister’s Decree No. 994 of 2017
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
6. Protection of essential services 5/6 83%

5
6 83%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.escc.gov.eg/page1_2_en.html
  
  The Egyptian Supreme Cybersecurity Council (ESCC) approves the determined critical communications and information infrastructures in all sectors of the state
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.escc.gov.eg/page1_3_en.html
  
  Article (2) of the Prime Minister’s Decree No. 994 of 2017
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.escc.gov.eg/page1_3_en.html
  
  Ministry of Communications and Information Technology according to Article (2) of the Prime Minister’s Decree No. 994 of 2017
  
  https://www.escc.gov.eg/page1_2_2_en.html
  
  The Executive Bureau of The Egyptian Supreme Cybersecurity Council
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
7. E-identification and trust services 6/9 67%

6
9 67%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en&fromgroups#!topic/hamdy11/b8vZ8DM1cKk
  
  Law No. 143 of 1994 concerning the civil status Article 2 Civil Status Department establish a national database of citizens that covers over 100 million records, where each citizen record is characterized by a national unique number since his/her birth, and throughout his/her life. The national ID number is used as the official unique citizen's identifier for governmental services, banking and financial services, healthcare, etc.
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.3. Electronic identification 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=313049
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=313049
- 7.5. Timestamping 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=313049
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=111246&p_count=7&p_classification=01
  
  Law No.151 of 2020 (Data Protection Law)
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=111246&p_count=7&p_classification=01
  
  Article 19 (Personal Data Protection Center) of Data Protection Law

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 5/6 83%

5
6 83%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.egcert.eg
  
  EG-CERT is charged with providing computer and information security incident response, support, defense and analysis against cyber attacks and collaboration with governmental, financial entities and any other critical information infrastructure sectors EG-CERT also provides early warning against malware spreading and massive cyber attacks against Egypt's telecom infrastructure. EG-CERT consists of four main departments, which are Incident Handling,Cyber forensics,Malware Analysis and Penetration Testing.
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://cybercrime-fr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Egyptian-cybercrime-law-.pdf
  
  The National Centre for Computer and Network Emergency Response of the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority according to Article 4 of the Anti-Cyber and Information Technology Crimes Law (Law No. 175/2018)
10. Cyber crisis management 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Media_Center/Latest_News/News/63678
  
  Egypt Partakes in 9th Arab Regional Cyber Drill 2021
  
  https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Media_Center/Latest_News/News/63536
  
  EG-CERT Co-Organizes Africa Cybersecurity Drill
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
11. Fight against cybercrime 4/9 44%

4
9 44%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://cybercrime-fr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Egyptian-cybercrime-law-.pdf
  
  Anti-Cyber and Information Technology Crimes Law (Law No. 175/2018)
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.egcert.eg/services
  
  EG-CERT consists of four main departments, which are Incident Handling,Cyber forensics,Malware Analysis and Penetration Testing. Forensics services: This service includes crime investigations that are Cyber or computer related using computer forensics science which simply is the science of examination and explanation of a digital artifact (Computer systems , storage media , documents, etc.).
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
12. Military cyber operations 0/6 0%

0
6 0%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence

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The information provided on the NCSI website is based on publicly available evidence materials. The appearance in the index and subsequent ranking is commensurate to the existence and public availability of such information. The NCSI links to third party websites and information. The NCSI and eGA are not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of third party website information.

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CONTRIBUTORS

Sherif Hashem
National Telecom Regulation Authority

Ahmed Tharwat
EgyCERT

Tomoe Watashiba
Intern at e-Governance Academy

Archived data from 2016-2023

61. Egypt 57.14

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 22 Nov 2021 Choose a version 22 Nov 2021 11 May 2018 1 Mar 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

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Version 22 Nov 2021