NCSI :: Spain

Archived data from 2016-2023

10. Spain 88.31

10th	National Cyber Security Index
4th	Global Cybersecurity Index
27th	ICT Development Index
26th	Networked Readiness Index

Population		46.4million
Area (km2)		506.0thousand
GDP per capita ($)		40.3thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
21 Apr 2023		Public data collection

Version 21 Apr 2023

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 6/7 86%

6
7 86%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.dsn.gob.es/es/comit%C3%A9s-especializados/consejo-nacional-ciberseguridad
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.dsn.gob.es/es/comit%C3%A9s-especializados/consejo-nacional-ciberseguridad
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.dsn.gob.es/documento/estrategia-nacional-ciberseguridad-2019
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.dsn.gob.es/es/comit%C3%A9s-especializados/consejo-nacional-ciberseguridad
  
  https://www.ccn.cni.es/index.php/es/menu-ccn-es/consejo-nacional-de-ciberseguridad
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ccn-cert.cni.es/informes/informes-ccn-cert-publicos/
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ccn-cert.cni.es/en/updated-security.html
  
  https://www.osi.es
  
  https://www.is4k.es
3. Education and professional development 9/9 100%

9
9 100%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2022-4975
  
  Royal Decree 217/2022, of March 29, which establishes the organization and minimum teaching of Compulsory Secondary Education.
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://harbour.space/cyber-security
  
  https://www.incibe.es/catalogos-formacion-ciberseguridad
  
  Catalogue of Universities providing Cybersecurity Studies
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/Postgrado/en/Detalle/Estudio_C/1371209197821/1371219633369/Master_in_Cybersecurity
  
  https://www.incibe.es/catalogos-formacion-ciberseguridad
  
  Catalogue of Universities providing Cybersecurity Studies
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.doctor.urv.cat/futurs-estudiants/oferta/7709/es_index/
  
  http://www.doctor.urv.cat/futurs-estudiants/oferta/7709/es_arees-de-recerca/
  
  Areas of research include "Security and privacy in computer systems"
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ismsforum.es/quien/index.php
  
  https://engage.isaca.org/madridchapter/home
4. Contribution to global cyber security 3/6 50%

3
6 50%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/185/signatures
  
  https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2010-14221
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://ccdcoe.org/index.html
  
  https://www.first.org/members/teams/#spain
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.incibe.es/en/summer-bootcamp
  
  The Spanish National Cybersecurity Institute, S.A. (INCIBE) in collaboration with the Organization of American States (OAS), organizes each year the international event Cybersecurity Summer BootCamp, a training program specialized in cybersecurity directed to technicians of CERTs, officers of the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA), as well as those who work or are interested in the development of national cybersecurity policies.
  
  It is a cost-free high-level training program about cybersecurity that has exclusive content and great practical value for the professionals who attend each year.
  
  https://www.incibe.es/en/summer-bootcamp/sbc2021

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2018-12257
  
  Article 16. Security obligations of operators of essential services and digital service providers.
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files_epractice/sites/Royal%20Decree%203-2010,%20of%20January%208th,%20which%20regulates%20the%20National%20Security%20Framework%20within%20the%20e-government%20scope.pdf
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2018-12257
  
  Article 9. Competent authorities.
6. Protection of essential services 5/6 83%

5
6 83%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-7630
  
  Law 8/2011, of April 28, which establishes measures for the protection of critical infrastructures (link above), see Article 3 (1) in conjunction with the Annex of the Law.
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2021-1192
  
  Royal Decree 43/2021, of January 26, which develops Royal Decree-Law 12/2018, of September 7, on network security and information systems (link above), see Article 6. Measures for compliance with security obligations.
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-7630
  
  Law 8/2011, of April 28, which establishes measures for the protection of critical infrastructures (link above), e.g. Article 18
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.cnpic.es/en/Presentacion/index.html
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-7630
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
7. E-identification and trust services 9/9 100%

9
9 100%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2005-21163
  
  Personal Number of the National Identity Document, Royal Decree 1553/2005, of December 23, which regulates the issuance of the national identity document and its electronic signature certificates (link above), Article 11
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2007-15984
  
  Royal Decree 1065/2007,of July 27, which approves the General Regulations for the actions and procedures for tax management and inspection and for the development of common standards for tax application procedures (link above), Chapter III. Obligations related to the tax identification number (TIN). TIN in Spain is unique.
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ccn-cert.cni.es/series-ccn-stic/800-guia-esquema-nacional-de-seguridad/513-ccn-stic-807-criptologia-de-empleo-en-el-ens/file.html
  
  Overview of cryptology used the National Security Scheme
- 7.3. Electronic identification 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.5. Timestamping 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2020-14046
  
  The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation, Law 6/2020, of November 11, regulating certain aspects of electronic trust services (link above), Article 14
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2018/12/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2018-16673.pdf
  
  Law 3/2018 Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights
  
  https://www.boe.es/biblioteca_juridica/codigos/codigo.php?id=055_Proteccion_de_Datos_de_Caracter_Personal&tipo=C&modo=2
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sedeagpd.gob.es/sede-electronica-web/

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 4/6 67%

4
6 67%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ccn.cni.es/index.php/en/ccn-cert-en
  
  CCN-CERT
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2018-12257
  
  Article 19. Obligation to notify.
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
10. Cyber crisis management 3/5 60%

3
5 60%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.incibe-cert.es/cyberex-espana
  
  CyberEx España: yearly exercise
  
  https://www.incibe-cert.es/cyberex-espana-planificacion
  
  CyberEx España 2022
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.incibe-cert.es/en/international-cyberex-previous-editions
  
  International CyberEx 2021
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
11. Fight against cybercrime 9/9 100%

9
9 100%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1995-25444
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-662
  
  Art. 7.6. Unidad de Investigación Tecnológica (Unit of Technological Research): It undertakes the investigation and prosecution of criminal activities involving the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and cybercrime at national and transnational levels, related to heritage, consumption, child protection, child pornography, Crimes against sexual freedom, against honor and privacy, social networks, fraud, intellectual and industrial property and logical security. It will act as the Center for Prevention and Response E-Crime of the National Police.
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.policia.es/_es/tupolicia_conocenos_estructura_dao_cgpoliciajcientifica.php
  
  “Sección Informática e ingeniería forense” of the "Unidad Central de Criminalística"
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://rm.coe.int/cyber-list-of-competent-authorities-september-2021/1680a3aaae
  
  Central Unit on Technological Investigation, Cuerpo Nacional de Policía - Spanish National Police
  and
  Computer Crime Unit, Guardia Civil
12. Military cyber operations 6/6 100%

6
6 100%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://emad.defensa.gob.es/en/unidades/mcce/
  
  Joint Cyberspace Command (MCCE)
  
  https://boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2020-5190
  
  Royal Decree 521/2020, of May 19, which establishes the basic organization of the Armed Forces (link above), Article 13
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://emad.defensa.gob.es/en/prensa/noticias/2022/11/Listado/221125-ni-fin-ejercicio-jfx.html
  
  JFX-22
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://emad.defensa.gob.es/en/prensa/noticias/2022/04/Listado/220421-np-mcce-ejercicio-ciberataque.html
  
  Locked Shields 2022

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National Cryptologic Center - Computer Security Incident Response Team

Archived data from 2016-2023

10. Spain 88.31

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 21 Apr 2023 Choose a version 21 Apr 2023 10 Feb 2020 28 Oct 2018 16 Oct 2017

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

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Version 21 Apr 2023