NCSI :: Costa Rica

59. Costa Rica 53.25

59th	National Cyber Security Index
76th	Global Cybersecurity Index
60th	ICT Development Index
56th	Networked Readiness Index

Population		4.9million
Area (km2)		51.1thousand
GDP per capita ($)		17.9thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
25 Nov 2019		Government officials

Version 25 Nov 2019

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 6/7 86%

6
7 86%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.conicit.go.cr/biblioteca/publicaciones/publica_cyt/Estrategia-Nacional-Ciberseguridad-CR-19-10-17.pdf
  
  The Cyber Security Strategy established the Advisory Committee which will be responsible for analyzing the Strategy and issuue reports containing duly justified recommendations to make any necessary modifications. (Pages 37, 38 and 48).
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://micit.go.cr/images/imagenes_noticias/10-11-2017__Ciberseguridad/Estrategia-Nacional-de-Ciberseguridad-Costa-Rica-19-10-17.pdf
  
  Cybersecurity Consultative Committee
  
  National Cybersecurity Strategy of Costa Rica: Page 37 – Chapter 5
  
  Once the official launch of the National Cybersecurity Strategy is completed, the MICITT will have three months to set up, convene and assemble a Consultative Committee, which will be composed of:
  
  Two representatives of MICITT
  
  A representative of the Judiciary
  
  A representative of SUTEL
  
  Two representatives of civil society
  
  Two representatives of the academy
  
  Two representatives of the Private Sector
  
  https://micit.go.cr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10286:micitt-es-sede-de-primera-reunion-del-comite-consultivo-en-ciberseguridad&catid=40&Itemid=630
  
  News about the first meeting of the consultative committee on cybersecurity.
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://micit.go.cr/images/imagenes_noticias/10-11-2017__Ciberseguridad/Estrategia-Nacional-de-Ciberseguridad-Costa-Rica-19-10-17.pdf
  
  National Cybersecurity Strategy of Costa Rica
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 0/5 0%

0
5 0%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
3. Education and professional development 6/9 67%

6
9 67%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.ucenfotec.ac.cr/curso/tecnico-en-ciberseguridad
  
  The Cybersecurity technician offered by the Cenfotec University is designed to develop skills and acquire technical knowledge in different fields, to understand information technology concepts and their relationship with cybersecurity, in order to properly apply knowledge in companies and To collaborate in the improvement of the availability, confidentiality and integrity of the information that every company has.
  
  https://www.tec.ac.cr/programas-academicos/seguridad-redes-computo
  
  The Cisco Networking Academy CCNA Security course is geared towards people who want to improve their knowledge and skills at the CCENT or CCNA level and want to help meet the growing demand for network security professionals.
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ucenfotec.ac.cr/ciberseguridad
  
  Professional Master in Cybersecurity
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.isacacr.org/
  
  Isaca Costa Rica Chapter
  
  https://www.asiscostarica.com/index.php/es/
  
  Asis International Chapter 271 Costa Rica
  
  https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Costa_Rica#tab=OWASP_Costa_Rica
  
  OWASP Costa Rica
4. Contribution to global cyber security 2/6 33%

2
6 33%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=84360&nValor3=108815&strTipM=TC
  
  The authorities of Costa Rica have deposited the instrument of accession to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime.
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/news/-/asset_publisher/S73WWxscOuZ5/content/costa-rica-joins-the-budapest-convention?inheritRedirect=false
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/185/signatures?p_auth=yozk7qyT
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Documents/Status_ITU_IMPACT.pdf
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 0/5 0%

0
5 0%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
6. Protection of essential services 0/6 0%

0
6 0%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
7. E-identification and trust services 7/9 78%

7
9 78%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/normativa/leyorganicaTSE.pdf
  
  ID Card Number (Número de la Cédula de Identidad)
  
  Law N. 3504, of May 10th, 1965, Organic Law of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal and the Civil Registry
  
  Article 89
  
  History of the ID Card
  
  Page 23 – 24: “The identity card number of each person will be formed by placing on the same line, separated by hyphens, the numbers of the Heading, the Tome and the Entry, where the birth was registered. When the aforementioned Entry number consists of more than four digits, only the last four digits will be indicated. The Heading numbers will be: 1. San Jose 2. Alajuela 3. Cartago 4. Heredia 5. Guanacaste 6. Puntarenas 7. Limon 8. Naturalized 9. Special Birth Heading…”
  
  https://www.hacienda.go.cr/contenido/13358-declaracion-de-inscripcion-modificacion-de-datos-desinscripcion-en-atv
  
  Unique Tax Registry Number (Registro Único Tributario)
  
  Every individual or legal entity is obliged to register in the Unique Tax Registry when starting any lucrative activity or business (sale of goods or provision of services), subject to a tax under the administration of the General Tax Office.
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.firmadigital.go.cr/politicas.html
  
  Certifying Policies
  
  http://www.firmadigital.go.cr/Documentos/CPSistemaNacionalCertificaci%C3%B3nDigitalversi%C3%B3n1.pdf
  
  See section 6.1.1: "The CA must generate the keys through a secure process by means of the cryptographic module of hardware, which meets at least the standard Fips 140-2 level 3 and a corresponding procedure with the "key generation ceremony" defined in Annex D of the INTE / ISO 21188 standard "Public key infrastructure for financial services - Structure of practices and policies.".
  The CA guarantees that the private signature key will never remain outside the module where it was generated, unless it is stored in a key recovery mechanism"
- 7.3. Electronic identification 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.firmadigital.go.cr/Documentos/ley%208454.pdf
  
  Law N. 8454, of 2005, of Certificates, Digital Signatures and Electronic Documents
  
  Chapter 3 – Articles 8 – 10.
- 7.5. Timestamping 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.firmadigital.go.cr/Documentos/PoliticadeSelladodetiempover100.pdf
  
  Time-stamping policy of the National Digital Certification System
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.firmadigital.go.cr/Documentos/ley%208454.pdf
  
  Digital Signature Certifiers Directorate of the Ministry of Science and Technology
  
  Law N. 8454, of 2005, of Certificates, Digital Signatures and Electronic Documents
  
  Chapter 4 – Section 3 – Articles 23 – 25.
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=70975&nValor3=85989&strTipM=TC
  
  Law N. 8968, of 2011, Law for the Protection of the Individual against the Processing of his/her Personal Data
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.prodhab.go.cr//
  
  Data Protection Agency of Inhabitants (PRODHAB) attached to the Ministry of Justice and Peace
  
  http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/normativa/leydeprotecciondelapersona.pdf
  
  Law N. 8968, of 2011, Law for the Protection of the Individual against the Processing of his/her Personal Data, see Articles 15-22

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 5/6 83%

5
6 83%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=72316&nValor3=88167&strTipM=TC
  
  Executive Decree N. 37052, del 2012, Creates the Computer Security Incident Response Center CSIRT-CR
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://micit.go.cr/images/imagenes_noticias/10-11-2017__Ciberseguridad/Estrategia-Nacional-de-Ciberseguridad-Costa-Rica-19-10-17.pdf
  
  Ministry of Science and Technology (MICITT)
  
  National Cybersecurity Strategy of Costa Rica - Page 39
  
  Strategic activity 1.1: The figure of national coordination, which will fall to MICITT, will be the focal point at national and international level for any topic related to cybersecurity.
10. Cyber crisis management 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.incibe-cert.es/en/international-cyberex-previous-editions
  
  CyberEx 2017
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
11. Fight against cybercrime 9/9 100%

9
9 100%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=73583
  
  Law N. 9048, of 2012, Reform of Section VIII, Computer and Related Offenses, Title VII of the Criminal Code
  
  http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=74706&nValor3=92348&strTipM=TC
  
  Law N. 9135, of 2013, Reform of Articles 196, 196 bis, 230, 293 and 295 and Addition of Article 167 bis to the Criminal Code
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sitiooij.poder-judicial.go.cr/index.php/oficinas/departamento-de-investigaciones-criminales/delitos-informaticos
  
  IT Crimes Section of the Judicial Investigation Entity
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sitiooij.poder-judicial.go.cr/index.php/oficinas/departamento-de-investigaciones-criminales/delitos-informaticos
  
  IT Crimes Section of the Judicial Investigation Entity
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=84643&nValor3=109293&strTipM=TC
  
  ARTICLE 4.- Interpretive clause of article 35 indicates that: The Republic of Costa Rica indicates that, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention under study, in article 35, it designates as a point of contact to guarantee the provision of aid immediate for investigations or procedures related to crimes related to computer systems and data or for obtaining evidence, to the Judiciary. "
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/185/declarations
  
  Judicial Authority (as provided to the CoE): "The Republic of Costa Rica indicates that, in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Cybercrime in its Article 35, it designates the Judicial Authority as contact point to ensure the provision of immediate assistance for the purpose of investigations or proceedings concerning criminal offences related to computer systems and data, or for the collection of evidence."
12. Military cyber operations 1/6 17%

1
6 17%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.arsouth.army.mil/news/Pages/Panamax-2018.aspx
  
  Panamax 2018 Information

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CONTRIBUTORS

CSIRT - CR
Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones

59. Costa Rica 53.25

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 25 Nov 2019 Choose a version 25 Nov 2019 18 Nov 2018 12 Nov 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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Version 25 Nov 2019