NCSI :: Estonia

3. Estonia 90.91

3rd	National Cyber Security Index
5th	Global Cybersecurity Index
17th	ICT Development Index
22nd	Networked Readiness Index

Population		1.3million
Area (km2)		45.2thousand
GDP per capita ($)		33.4thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
7 Nov 2019		Government officials
18 Feb 2019		Government officials
26 Nov 2018		Public data collection
21 Sep 2018		Government officials
11 May 2018		Public data collection
17 Apr 2017		Public data collection

Version 7 Nov 2019

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 6/7 86%

6
7 86%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mkm.ee/et/kontakt?tid_with_depth%5B0%5D=223
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mkm.ee/en/objectives-activities/information-society/cyber-security
  
  Website: 1st topic, 3rd paragraph.
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/kyberturvalisuse_strateegia_2022_eng.pdf
  
  Cyber security strategy 2019-2022, approved in November 2018.
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/128042011001?leiaKehtiv
  
  § 9 1) development of risk analysis 4) monitoring and evaluation of risks and impacts 19) participates in strategic planning § 13 4) risk analysis
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ria.ee/en/information-system-authority/publications.html
  
  Annual cyber security assessments available
  
  https://www.ria.ee/et/kuberturvalisus/olukord-kuberruumis.html
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.targaltinternetis.ee/en/
  
  http://www.arvutikaitse.ee/
3. Education and professional development 7/9 78%

7
9 78%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/129082014020
  
  §4 (8)
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/129082014021
  
  §4 (3) 8)
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ttu.ee/?id=150950
  
  BSc in Cyber Security Engineering
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.ttu.ee/?id=25424
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.eisay.ee/
4. Contribution to global cyber security 6/6 100%

6
6 100%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/185/signatures?p_auth=zrS8ISMY
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://first.org/members/teams/#estonia
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://ccdcoe.org/
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://rakendused.vm.ee/akta/andmed_vaata.php?id=2615
  
  Developing national cyber security capabilities in Moldova (2015-2017)

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigikogu.ee/download/07f36786-f3ba-495f-8906-e2e280222288
  
  Chapter 2
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ria.ee/en/iske-en.html
  
  https://www.ria.ee/ee/iske-dokumendid.html
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigikogu.ee/download/07f36786-f3ba-495f-8906-e2e280222288
  
  §14
6. Protection of essential services 6/6 100%

6
6 100%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/513062017001/consolide
  
  § 36.
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/513062017001/consolide
  
  § 41. Ensuring electronic security of provision of vital service
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ria.ee/en/ciip.html
  
  Chapter 7
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/513062017001/consolide
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/109082017003
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/523052018003/consolide
  
  §7 sets the requirements for service providers, which also covers essential service providers according to §3 section 2,
  
  According to §7 section 2, the service provider is required to prepare a system risk assessment, ensure the existence and timeliness of a documented system risk assessment, security regulations and description of the application of security measures, ensure the monitoring of the system for detecting actions or software compromising its security, check the sufficiency and compliance of the application of security measures and document the results, and preserve the documents no less than three years as of the creation thereof.
7. E-identification and trust services 8/9 89%

8
9 89%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/748662?tegevus=telli-teavitus
  
  Chapter 9: Personal identification code
  
  https://www.siseministeerium.ee/en/population-register
  
  A personal identification code is a number formed on the basis of the sex and date of birth of a person which allows the specific identification of the person.
  
  The basis for the formation of personal identification codes is the EVS 585:2007 standard “Personal identification code. Structure”, and the Population Register Act and the regulation by the Minister of Regional Affairs, which regulates the formation, distribution and granting of personal identification codes.
  
  Personal identification code consists of 11 digits, the first of which shows the sex of a person and the next six show his or her date of birth. The following three digits are sequential numbers for children born on the same day and the last is a control number which is calculated according to a special formula.
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/131122010019&&searchCurrent
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.3. Electronic identification 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.5. Timestamping 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910&from=EN
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/527102016001/consolide
  
  Chapter 1,§ 2
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/507032016001/consolide
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.aki.ee/et/inspektsioon/pohimaarus

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 6/6 100%

6
6 100%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ria.ee/en/cert-estonia.html
  
  Link 2: § 13 (7)
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/128042011001
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/523052018003/consolide
  
  § 8, 9, 11
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ria.ee/en/contact-cert.html
10. Cyber crisis management 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/ulatusliku_kuberrunnakust_pohjustatud_hadaolukorra_lahendamise_plaan.pdf
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ria.ee/et/uudised/kuberoppusel-ohus-eesti-energiajulgeolek.html
  
  Kevadtorm (2-3 May 2019)
  
  https://www.err.ee/829768/kubersiili-korraldajate-sonul-tulid-koik-osalejad-oppusest-auga-valja
  
  KüberSIIL 2018 (8 May 2018)
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ria.ee/public/Kuberturvalisus/RIA_kuberturbe_aruanne_2015.pdf
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/525112013006/consolide
11. Fight against cybercrime 6/9 67%

6
9 67%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/523122015005/consolide
  
  Paragraphs: 206, 207, 213, 216-1, 217, 222-2, and 237.
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.ekei.ee/en/efsi-organisation/organization
  
  Link 2: § 5 (1) . 3
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/12913835?leiaKehtiv
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/13246673
  
  Law ratifying the Convention on Cybercrime § 2 (3).
  
  https://rm.coe.int/16804b3493
12. Military cyber operations 6/6 100%

6
6 100%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.mil.ee/en/landforces/Cyber-Command
  
  EST CYBERCOMMAND
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.kaitseministeerium.ee/et/uudised/eesti-ja-usa-kaitsevaldkondade-ametkonnad-viisid-labi-uhise-kuberkaitseoppuse
  
  Baltic Ghost
  
  https://news.err.ee/611741/estonian-maryland-national-guard-cyber-exercise-begins-at-amari
  
  Baltic Jungle
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://news.err.ee/645421/over-700-experts-taking-part-in-tartu-led-nato-cyber-defense-exercise
  
  Cyber Coalition 2017 (November 2017)
  
  https://ccdcoe.org/nato-won-cyber-defence-exercise-locked-shields-2018.html
  
  Locked Shields 2018 (April 2018)

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CONTRIBUTORS

Raul Rikk
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications

Tanel Sepp
Ministry of Defence

Karoliina Ainge
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications

3. Estonia 90.91

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 7 Nov 2019 Choose a version 7 Nov 2019 18 Feb 2019 26 Nov 2018 21 Sep 2018 11 May 2018 17 Apr 2017

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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Version 7 Nov 2019