NCSI :: Iceland

56. Iceland 46.75

56th	National Cyber Security Index
86th	Global Cybersecurity Index
1st	ICT Development Index
16th	Networked Readiness Index

Population		0.3million
Area (km2)		103.0thousand
GDP per capita ($)		54.3thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE 3 years All data

NCSI Update		Data source
7 Apr 2018		Public data collection

Version 7 Apr 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 6/7 86%

6
7 86%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.stjornarradid.is/media/innanrikisraduneyti-media/media/frettir-2015/Icelandic_National_Cyber_Security_Summary_loka.pdf
  
  Summary of the Cyber Security Strategy - page 7 The Cyber Security Council (appointed by the Ministry of Interior) is responsible for the supervision of the National Strategy implementation and annual review of the policy document
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.stjornarradid.is/media/innanrikisraduneyti-media/media/frettir-2015/Icelandic_National_Cyber_Security_Summary_loka.pdf
  
  see page 7: The Cyber Security Council Supervision of implementation of the strategy is to be the responsibility of the Cyber Security Council, which will be appointed by the Minister of the Interior. The Cyber Security Council will coordinate measures, particularly those involving government bodies. It will review the action plan at least once a year and make proposals on the prioritisation and funding of measures taken. The Cyber Security Council will submit a report to the Minister of the Interior every year on implementation of the strategy. The Cyber Security Forum This is a collaborative venue for representatives of public bodies who sit on the Cyber Security Council and of private entities. The forum will be able to coordinate projects involving stakeholders, in part or in their entirety, and create a basis for collaboration on specific projects, addressing cyber security in demarcated areas.
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.stjornarradid.is/media/innanrikisraduneyti-media/media/frettir-2015/Icelandic_National_Cyber_Security_Summary_loka.pdf
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.cert.is/en/node/2.html
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.cert.is/is/skyrslur.html
  
  Annual Report 2016 table of contents: Introduction Summary 2016 Incidents of the year Stress attacks Attacks on end users Illegal services Phishing and fraudulent Malicious Servants Scanning and checking Threats and Attempts to Funding Action Plan and Networking Cooperation Service contracts Increased cooperation with law enforcement Structure of Information Systems CERT-IS Work Program for 2017
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.xn--netryggi-p4a.is/
3. Education and professional development 0/9 0%

0
9 0%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
4. Contribution to global cyber security 2/6 33%

2
6 33%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/185/signatures?p_auth=zrS8ISMY
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.nordu.net/cert
  
  NORDUnet CERT
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 0/5 0%

0
5 0%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
6. Protection of essential services 1/6 17%

1
6 17%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2003081.html#G47A
  
  Article 3 (27) provides a definition to the Critical Information Infrastructure: ""The information systems of the important social infrastructure that ensure national security, public health and a variety of sources of resources in a developed and technologically advanced society. These are the tools and software necessary for the operation and operation of the system and the information contained in the systems. The National Commissioner of Police defines an essential information infrastructure"". Nevertheless, no information was found in the web-page of the National Commissioner of Police.
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
7. E-identification and trust services 5/9 56%

5
9 56%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.skra.is/english/individuals/me-and-my-family/my-registration/id-numbers/
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.3. Electronic identification 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2001028.html
- 7.5. Timestamping 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2001028.html
  
  Chapter 7: Supervision of Certifying Authorities issuing a valid certificate
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/5785/file/Iceland_Act_Protection_Privacy_Personal%20Data_2000_am2003_en.pdf
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/5785/file/Iceland_Act_Protection_Privacy_Personal%20Data_2000_am2003_en.pdf
  
  Data Protection Authority: Chapter VII, Articles 37-43

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 5/6 83%

5
6 83%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.cert.is/en.html
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.cert.is/is.1.html
  
  CERT-ÍS is a participant and contact of the Icelandic government in domestic and international cooperation on response and defense in this area, and is a member of Iceland under a similar CERT National Point of Contact.
10. Cyber crisis management 2/5 40%

2
5 40%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.cert.is/is/skyrslur.html
  
  Link 1: Page on the reports pubished by the CERT-IS. Under the section of the Other reports there is a link (2) for the report from NET-Exercises on cyber security Link 2: Net Exercise report (pdf file in Icelandic). translation of the report summary from Google: “Networking against network attacks was held on November 22, 2016 at the initiative of the Network Security CERT-IS. Participants were CERT-IS and representatives of seven companies from the service group. The established so-called Working Group 2 to lay the foundation for the online exercise through a response plan, preparation of the exercise and execution. Finally, the working group organized the exercise and participated in it to analyse the results and to take advantage of them for further improvements. ... . They involved unauthorized changes to the website of international world shows in Harpa along with data servers from web servers that are classified as essential infrastructure of the country. The scenario with the intelligence software found on a computer of a critical organization was also played, but this scenario was more informative rather than active. As is typical of such exercises, these were imaginary scenarious, but there is still reason to believe that such situations could be realistic.
  
  https://www.cert.is/files/Netaefing_2016_skyrsla_23012017.pdf
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
11. Fight against cybercrime 6/9 67%

6
9 67%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=190914
  
  Link1: Penal Code § 228 Section 1: The same penalty shall apply to a person who in an unlawful manner procures access to data or programs of others which are stored in a computerized form. Several articles have notes that penalties apply when the crime is committed "in a computerized form".
  
  http://www.althingi.is/altext/stjt/2006.074.html
  
  https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Documents/Country_Profiles/Iceland.pdf
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.logreglan.is/logreglan/umdaemin/hofudborgarsvaedi/stoddeildir-loggaeslusvids/
  
  Link 1: The computer science and electronics department conducts research on computers and others is the approach of electronics such as processing from surveillance cameras. Link 2 refers to the ""Digital Forensics Unit of the Reykjavik Metropolitan Police""
  
  https://www.msab.com/download/case_studies/Case_Study_Icelandic_Police_A4_LR.pdf
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://rm.coe.int/16804b3493
  
  National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police (Ríkislögreglustjórinn)
12. Military cyber operations 0/6 0%

0
6 0%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence

56. Iceland 46.75

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE 3 years All data

Version 7 Apr 2018 Choose a version 7 Apr 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

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Version 7 Apr 2018