NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE
Version 16 Oct 2018
GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS
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1. Cyber security policy development 1/7 14%17 14%
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1.1. Cyber security policy unit 003
Requirements
CriteriaA central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 002
Requirements
CriteriaThe central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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1.3. Cyber security strategy 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
Accepted referencesValid official document
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1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 001
Requirements
CriteriaThe central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
Accepted referencesValid official document or its enforcement act
Evidence
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2. Cyber threat analysis and information 0/5 0%05 0%
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2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 003
Requirements
CriteriaA central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 001
Requirements
CriteriaThe public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
Accepted referencesOfficial public report
Evidence
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2.3. Cyber safety and security website 001
Requirements
CriteriaPublic authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
Accepted referencesWebsite
Evidence
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3. Education and professional development 7/9 78%79 78%
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3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 111
Requirements
CriteriaPrimary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
Accepted referencesOfficial curriculum or official report
Evidence
http://www.educapanama.edu.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/planes-de-estudio-oficial-2018.pdf
A 2018 Communiqué presents the Study plans for different High School National Programs. All of these programs deliver a subject called "Tecnología de la Información" (I.T.) in at least 10th grade (only the Humanities High School Program [page 3] includes it as well in 11th and 12th grade). However, the focus is on this subject's program for 10th grade (i.e. for all High School Programs).
The 2014 (and still valid) version of the I.T. program (http://www.educapanama.edu.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/programas-educacion-media-academica-tecnologia-informacion-10-2013.pdf) presents five knowledge areas to be taught. Area 5 is denominated Computer Security (pages 41-42) and has the following objectives:
- To manage concepts related to computer security, in order to protect the information we handle on a daily basis.
- To promote and preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information systems, including hardware, software and information that they process, store and communicate, in order to safeguard the information that is produced.
Additionally, there is a High School Program in Computer Technology [page 11 of the link submitted as evidence]. This programs has two additional subjects "Configuración y Administración de Sistemas Operativos" (Configuration and Administration of Operating Systems) and "Redes de Computadoras" (Computer Networks) for 10th and 12th grade, respectively.The 2014 (and still valid) version of the Configuration and Administration of Operating Systems program (http://www.educapanama.edu.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/programas-educacion-media-academica-sistemas-operativos-10-2014.pdf) presents four knowledge areas to be taught. Area 4 is denominated Operating System Security (pages 37-38) and has the following objectives:
- Develop strategies to incorporate different security systems, and use mechanisms for better file control.
- Manage a networked operating system, assessing its importance and applying security criteria.
The 2014 (and still valid) version of the Computer Networks program (http://www.educapanama.edu.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Prog-Educ-MEDIA-redes-computadoras-12-2014.pdf) presents four knowledge areas to be taught. Area 2 is denominated Operation of the Networks (pages 36-37). Inside the conceptual content, these topics are covered: "Fundamentos de Seguridad" (Security Basics), "Tecnologías de Seguridad" (Security Technologies)and related subtopics such as: General Concepts, Types of Attacks, Security Policies, Risk Management, Firewalls, Encryptions, Intruder Detection, and Honey Pots (page 37).
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3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 002
Requirements
CriteriaThere is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
Accepted referencesAccredited study programme
Evidence
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3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 222
Requirements
CriteriaThere is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
Accepted referencesAccredited study programme
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3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 222
Requirements
CriteriaThere is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
Accepted referencesAccredited study programme
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3.5. Cyber security professional association 222
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
Accepted referencesWebsite
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4. Contribution to global cyber security 2/6 33%26 33%
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4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
Accepted referencesOfficial website of the convention
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4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
Accepted referencesOfficial website of the cooperation format
Evidence
https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/publications/2012/IMPACT/IMPACT-en.pdf
ITU-IMPACT (see page 6)
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4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 003
Requirements
CriteriaA regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
Accepted referencesOrganisation’s official website
Evidence
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4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 001
Requirements
CriteriaThe country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or project document
Evidence
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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS
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5. Protection of digital services 3/5 60%35 60%
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5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 001
Requirements
CriteriaAccording to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 001
Requirements
CriteriaPublic sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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5.3. Competent supervisory authority 333
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
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6. Protection of essential services 0/6 0%06 0%
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6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 001
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 001
Requirements
CriteriaAccording to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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6.3. Competent supervisory authority 003
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 001
Requirements
CriteriaOperators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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7. E-identification and trust services 6/9 67%69 67%
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7.1. Unique persistent identifier 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/direccion-nacional-de-cedulacion/la-cedula/
For citizens and residents, it is the Identity Card Number. Its history is explained in the evidence link.
As presented, the Identity Card has been regulated by multiple legislative acts.
- Law 28 of November 27th, 1934, By which the Personal Identity Card is Created (https://docs.panama.justia.com/federales/leyes/28-de-1934-dec-5-1934.pdf)
---------------------------------- (Page 3 of the pdf) ----------------------------------
Article 16: Any validly issued and registered Personal Identification Card is a document of permanent value, even if the carrier changes his address or residence.
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- Law No 108 of October 8th, 1973, Which Dictates New Provisions on the Issuance of the Personal Identity Card, and Reforms Precepts of the Fiscal and Judicial Codes (https://panama.eregulations.org/media/ley%20no.%20108%20del%2030%20de%20octubre%20de%201973..pdf)
Article 1: The personal identity card is an authentic document regarding the personal identity of its owner. Its original, or duly authenticated photocopy, is proof of the national or foreign status of its owner and of the other information included in said document.
Article 2 states that the Identity card must be carried by citizens and legal foreigners older than 18 years old.
Article 15: In the case of a lost, destroyed or damaged card, the interested party in obtaining a duplicate must comply with the same procedure used to obtain the original card. The card that is so cast will bear the same number that corresponds to the original, with the mention that it is a duplicate.
Article 19: In any management, action, procedure or diligence that any citizen must perform before an official or public servant, or in a banking or commercial transaction in which it is necessary, said citizen must show his personal identity card, as a means of identification. If such management, action, procedure, diligence or transaction retains a written record, it should contain the numbers of the identification cards of the people who intervene in the document.
- Law 68 of November 2nd, 2015: Which reorganizes the National Directorate of Identity Cards, and regulates the issuance of personal identity documents (https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ley_cedulacion_2015.pdf) --- current valid legislation ---
Article 18: The number of the personal identity card must be incorporated into the passport, the driver's license and the Individual Taxpayer Registry used by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, as well as any other type of card issued by any other public institution.
Article 19 mentions in which occasions the identity card is indispensable.
https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/Registro.html
For legal persons it is the Registro Único de Contribuyente (RUC)
The Unique Taxpayer Registry (RUC in Spanish), is the tax identification number of each taxpayer, created by the General Directorate of Revenues, with the purpose of establishing greater fiscal equity and more effective control of tax compliance of individuals, communities, companies, associations, groups, or entities of any kind with or without legal personality that cause or must withhold taxes due to the activities they develop.
For such purposes, it will be understood that said tax identification number will be:
a. For natural persons, the same number of the Personal Identity Card.
b. For legal persons, the registration number in the Public Registry, Commercial Persons section.
Law 76 of December 22nd, 1976: By which some articles of the Fiscal Code are modified and other tax measures are adopted. Articles 7 - 10 (https://panama.eregulations.org/media/inscripci%C3%B3n%20ruc.doc_1.pdf)
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7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 001
Requirements
CriteriaRequirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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7.3. Electronic identification 001
Requirements
CriteriaElectronic identification is regulated.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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7.4. Electronic signature 111
Requirements
CriteriaE-signature is regulated
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
Law 51 of July 22nd, 2008: Which defines and regulates electronic documents and electronic signatures, and the provision of services of technological storage of documents and of certification of electronic signatures, and adopts other provisions for the development of electronic commerce
https://www.firmaelectronica.gob.pa/documentos/Ley_82-Que_modifica_la_Ley_51_de_2008.pdf
Law 82 of November 9th, 2012: Which grants to the Public Registry of Panama the powers of registration authority and electronic signature root certifier for the Republic of Panama, modifies the Law 51 of 2008 and adopts other provisions.
http://gacetas.procuraduria-admon.gob.pa/27401_2013.pdf
Executive Decree 684 of October 18th, 2013: Which regulates Law 51 of July 22nd, 2008 and Law 82 of November 9th, 2012, regarding the electronic signature. [P. 22 - 36 of the web link 3 PDF]
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7.5. Timestamping 111
Requirements
CriteriaTimestamping is regulated.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://www.firmaelectronica.gob.pa/documentos/Ley_82-Que_modifica_la_Ley_51_de_2008.pdf
---------------- For Your Information ----------------
Law 82 of November 9th, 2012: Which grants to the Public Registry of Panama the powers of registration authority and electronic signature root certifier for the Republic of Panama, modifies the Law 51 of 2008 and adopts other provisions.- Article 2 establishes that one of the functions of the Public Registry of Panamá is to offer the service of Time Stamping.
- Article 7, modifies Article 2 of Law 51 by adding Subpoint 46 which defines Time Stamping and presents possibles synonyms (i.e. sellado de tiempo, fechado electrónico).
Executive Decree 684 of October 18th, 2013: Which regulates Law 51 of July 22nd, 2008 and Law 82 of November 9th, 2012, regarding the electronic signature. [P. 22 - 36 of the PDF]
- Article 2, Subpoint 17 defines Time Stamping and presents its possible synonyms (i.e. sellado de tiempo, fechado electrónico, marca de hora).
- Article 3, Subpoint 4 establishes that the Public Registry of Panamá is authorized to offer the service of Time Stamping, among other.
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7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 001
Requirements
CriteriaElectronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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7.7. Competent supervisory authority 333
Requirements
CriteriaThere is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
https://www.firmaelectronica.gob.pa/documentos/Ley_82-Que_modifica_la_Ley_51_de_2008.pdf
Law No. 82 of November 9, 2012, which grants the Public Registry of Panama powers of registration authority and electronic signature root certifier for the Republic of Panama, modifies Law 51 of 2008 and adopts other provisions.
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8. Protection of personal data 0/4 0%04 0%
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8.1. Personal data protection legislation 001
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a legal act for personal data protection.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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8.2. Personal data protection authority 003
Requirements
CriteriaThere is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS
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9. Cyber incidents response 3/6 50%36 50%
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9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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9.2. Reporting responsibility 001
Requirements
CriteriaDigital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 002
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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10. Cyber crisis management 1/5 20%15 20%
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10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 001
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 002
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
Evidence
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10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
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10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 001
Requirements
CriteriaThe procedures for using volunteers are established by legislation.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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11. Fight against cybercrime 9/9 100%99 100%
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11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 111
Requirements
CriteriaCybercrimes are defined by legislation.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/es/text.jsp?file_id=189273#LinkTarget_964
Title VIII
Crimes against the Legal Security of Electronic Media
Chapter I
Crimes against Computer Security
Article 285. Whoever improperly enters or uses a database, network or computer system will be sanctioned with two to four years of prison.
Article 286. Anyone who improperly seizes, copies, uses or modifies the data in transit or contained in a database or computer system, or interferes, intercepts, hinders or prevents their transmission will be sanctioned with two to four years in prison.
See also Art 162a, 165, 180, 220, 237, 260, 421. -
11.2. Cybercrime unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
https://www.coe.int/en/web/octopus/country-wiki/-/asset_publisher/hFPA5fbKjyCJ/content/panama/
"There are two agencies responsible for the coordination and judicial investigation of cyber crime. These agencies are the Deputy Prosecutor for Crimes against Intellectual Property and Information Security of the Attorney General's Office conformed by the Public Prosecutor (Ministerio Público) and the Directorate for Judicial Investigation of the National Police. A specialized investigating unit on computer crime was recently created within the Directorate for Judicial Investigation and it is under current development. Such specialized investigating unit will provide capacity and training to conduct investigations and digital forensics activities."
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11.3. Digital forensics unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 222
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
Judicial Investigation Unit, National Central Bureau of Interpol
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12. Military cyber operations 1/6 17%16 17%
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12.1. Cyber operations unit 003
Requirements
CriteriaMilitary forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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12.2. Cyber operations exercise 002
Requirements
CriteriaMilitary forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
Evidence
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12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
Evidence
http://www.southcom.mil/Media/Special-Coverage/PANAMAX-2018/
Panamax 2018 Information
https://www.arsouth.army.mil/news/Pages/Panamax-2018.aspx
Cultural and language barriers were no obstacle for this professional joint, multinational coalition with the common goal of defending the Panama Canal and surrounding regions from a variety of realistic mock attacks including land, air, sea and cyber, among others.
Participating nations included: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Representatives from Poland, Spain, and Thailand joined the exercise this year as observers.
https://www.army.mil/article/173467/army_south_partner_nations_wrap_up_panamax_2016
"This year, a total of nineteen nations joined the United States during the seven-day exercise that used simulations to command and control multinational notional sea, air, special operations, cyber and land forces to defend the vital waterway and surrounding areas against threats from violent extremism and provide humanitarian relief."
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