NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE
Version 18 Sep 2018
GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS
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1. Cyber security policy development 6/7 86%67 86%
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1.1. Cyber security policy unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaA central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
"CSA is also empowered to develop and enforce cybersecurity regulations, policies, and practices. It will coordinate efforts across government, industry, academia, businesses and the people sector, as well as internationally." (Cyber Security Strategy, page 7)
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1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 222
Requirements
CriteriaThe central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
"CSA is also empowered to develop and enforce cybersecurity regulations, policies, and practices. It will coordinate efforts across government, industry, academia, businesses and the people sector, as well as internationally." (Cyber Security Strategy, page 7)
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1.3. Cyber security strategy 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
Accepted referencesValid official document
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1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 001
Requirements
CriteriaThe central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
Accepted referencesValid official document or its enforcement act
Evidence
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2. Cyber threat analysis and information 5/5 100%55 100%
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2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaA central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/publications/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy
Page 16: "The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) monitors and analyses the cyber threat landscape to maintain cyber situational awareness and anticipate future threats. In the event of large-scale cyber incidents involving multiple sectors, NCSC coordinates with the sector regulators to provide a national level response and facilitate quick alerts to cross-sector threats."
https://www.csa.gov.sg/~/media/csa/documents/publications/singaporecyberlandscape.pdf
Page 10 describes the three centres under the National Cyber Security Command (NCSC), which is under the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA). One of these centres is the National Cyber Threat Analysis Centre (NCTAC).
"NCTAC conducts all-source research and analysis to provide strategic insights on the Singapore cyber landscape. NCTAC’s research and analysis also include geopolitical perspectives, which often underpin the motivations and actions of cyber actors. NCTAC’s insights aim to inform CSA operations,national cyber policy-making, and contribute to public education."
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2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
Accepted referencesOfficial public report
Evidence
https://www.csa.gov.sg/~/media/csa/documents/publications/singaporecyberlandscape.pdf
Singapore Cyber Landscape - published in 2017 to review the threat landscape in 2016.
https://www.csa.gov.sg/~/media/csa/documents/publications/singaporecyberlandscape2017.pdf
Singapore Cyber Landscape - published in 2018 to review the threat landscape in 2017.
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2.3. Cyber safety and security website 111
Requirements
CriteriaPublic authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
Accepted referencesWebsite
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3. Education and professional development 9/9 100%99 100%
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3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 111
Requirements
CriteriaPrimary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
Accepted referencesOfficial curriculum or official report
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3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 222
Requirements
CriteriaThere is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
Accepted referencesAccredited study programme
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3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 222
Requirements
CriteriaThere is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
Accepted referencesAccredited study programme
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3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 222
Requirements
CriteriaThere is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
Accepted referencesAccredited study programme
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3.5. Cyber security professional association 222
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
Accepted referencesWebsite
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4. Contribution to global cyber security 5/6 83%56 83%
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4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 001
Requirements
CriteriaThe country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
Accepted referencesOfficial website of the convention
Evidence
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4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
Accepted referencesOfficial website of the cooperation format
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4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 333
Requirements
CriteriaA regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
Accepted referencesOrganisation’s official website
Evidence
https://www.interpol.int/About-INTERPOL/The-INTERPOL-Global-Complex-for-Innovation/About-the-IGCI
The INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation (IGCI) is based in Singapore. As described on the website, the IGCI's roles include the following aspects of digital security:
- Boosting cybersecurity and countering cybercrime;
- A forensics laboratory to support digital crime investigations;
- Research to test protocols, tools and services and to analyse trends of cyber-attacks;
- Development of practical solutions in collaboration with police, research laboratories, academia and the public and private sectors;
- Addressing issues such as Internet security governance.
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4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or project document
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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS
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5. Protection of digital services 3/5 60%35 60%
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5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 001
Requirements
CriteriaAccording to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 001
Requirements
CriteriaPublic sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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5.3. Competent supervisory authority 333
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/9-2018/Published/20180312?DocDate=20180312
The Cybersecurity Act empowers the Commissioner of Cybersecurity, who is the Chief Executive of the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA), to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber / information security requirements. These are achieved through imposing obligations on Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) owners, such as having to comply with codes of practice or standards of performance (section 11), having to conduct cybersecurity risk assessments and audits (section 15), or simply complying with written directions issued by the Commissioner of Cybersecurity (section 12). These CII owners include digital service providers deemed to be providing essential services such as in the area of info-communications.
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IMDAA2016
According to Singapore's Info-communications Media Development Authority Act, the Info-communications Media Development Authority (IMDA) may issue codes of practice, standards of performance and advisory guidelines. Regulated service providers must comply with these codes of practice (section 61).
These may include digital service providers who are not identified as CII owners under the Cybersecurity Act.
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6. Protection of essential services 6/6 100%66 100%
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6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 111
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://www.out-law.com/en/articles/2018/february/singapore-finalises-new-cybersecurity-act/
See part 3 (Critical Information Infrastructure, starting on page 78) and First Schedule: Essential Services (page 73-75)
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6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 111
Requirements
CriteriaAccording to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://www.out-law.com/en/articles/2018/february/singapore-finalises-new-cybersecurity-act/
Requirements exist for CII owners: see Art 11 - Codes of practice and standards of performance, Art 14 (2) - Duty to report cybersecurity incident in respect of critical information infrastructure, Art 15 - Cybersecurity audits and risk assessments of critical information infrastructure, etc.
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6.3. Competent supervisory authority 333
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
https://www.out-law.com/en/articles/2018/february/singapore-finalises-new-cybersecurity-act/
See Art 4 (Appointment of Commissioner of Cybersecurity and other officers)
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6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 111
Requirements
CriteriaOperators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://www.out-law.com/en/articles/2018/february/singapore-finalises-new-cybersecurity-act/
See Art 10 (Furnishing of information relating to critical information infrastructure) and Art 20 (Powers to investigate and prevent serious cybersecurity incidents), incl Art 20 (3b) where essential services are mentioned
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7. E-identification and trust services 6/9 67%69 67%
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7.1. Unique persistent identifier 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://www.ica.gov.sg/aboutus/aboutus_history_nrd
"the identity card system began issuing the same unique number for a person’s birth certificate and their identity card."
The National Registration Identification Card (“NRIC”) number comprises a unique sequence of numbers and letters of the alphabet issued to each lawful resident of Singapore (other than certain excluded persons) under the National Registration Act. The NRIC number of an individual is considered personal data as the individual can be identified from the unique sequence of numbers and letters. Organisations that collect NRIC numbers of individuals will have to comply with the Data Protection Provisions under the PDPA.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_identification_number#Singapore
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7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 001
Requirements
CriteriaRequirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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7.3. Electronic identification 111
Requirements
CriteriaElectronic identification is regulated.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
The Electronic Transactions Act and in particular, the Electronic Transactions (Certification Authority) Regulations, provide for the regulation of electronic identification (see section 22 of the Regulations on "Secure digital signatures").
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7.4. Electronic signature 111
Requirements
CriteriaE-signature is regulated
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN-DPADM/UNPAN040992.pdf
Part II: Electronic Records, Signatures and Contracts & Third Schedule: Digital Signatures (page 19 onwards)
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7.5. Timestamping 001
Requirements
CriteriaTimestamping is regulated.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 001
Requirements
CriteriaElectronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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7.7. Competent supervisory authority 333
Requirements
CriteriaThere is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
https://www.imda.gov.sg/regulations-licensing-and-consultations/acts-and-regulations
Singapore's Info-communications Media Development Authority (IMDA) is the competent authority for supervision of qualified trust service providers. Its functions are set out in section 5 of the Info-communications Media Development Authority Act, and the powers for supervision of qualified trust service providers are provided by the Electronic Transactions Act.
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8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%44 100%
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8.1. Personal data protection legislation 111
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a legal act for personal data protection.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PDPA2012/Historical/20161001?DocDate=20160929
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
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8.2. Personal data protection authority 333
Requirements
CriteriaThere is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/About-Us/Who-We-Are
Personal Data Protection Commission
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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS
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9. Cyber incidents response 3/6 50%36 50%
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9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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9.2. Reporting responsibility 001
Requirements
CriteriaDigital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 002
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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10. Cyber crisis management 5/5 100%55 100%
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10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/publications/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy
Page 16: "Singapore has developed a national cybersecurity response plan which allows for timely response and ground initiative at the local level, complemented with e ective coordination and strategic support at the sectoral and national level. The plan envisages three tiers of response – Tier 1 for cyber campaigns that threaten national security, Tier 2 for cyber-attacks on a sector, and Tier 3 for cyber-attacks on a speci c operator. The plan requires CSA to work closely with CII operators and the cybersecurity community to ensure an e ective response."
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10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 222
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
Evidence
https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/press-releases/csa-leads-wog-exercise-to-respond-to-cyber-attacks
Exercise Cyber Star 2017 (July 2017)
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10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
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10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe procedures for using volunteers are established by legislation.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/9-2018/Published/20180312?DocDate=20180312
Section 22 of the Cybersecurity Act allows the Commissioner to appoint cybersecurity technical experts for a specified period to assist any incident response officer in the course of investigation of cybersecurity incidents.
https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/publications/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy
Page 17 of Singapore's Cybersecurity Strategy also elaborates on the Government's efforts to raise National Cyber Incident Resposnt Teams (NCIRTs) from academia and industry, which can be activated to assist the Government in dealing with large-scale cyber attacks.
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11. Fight against cybercrime 7/9 78%79 78%
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11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 111
Requirements
CriteriaCybercrimes are defined by legislation.
Accepted referencesLegal act
Evidence
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11.2. Cybercrime unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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11.3. Digital forensics unit 333
Requirements
CriteriaThere is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
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11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 002
Requirements
CriteriaThe government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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12. Military cyber operations 3/6 50%36 50%
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12.1. Cyber operations unit 003
Requirements
CriteriaMilitary forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
Accepted referencesOfficial website or legal act
Evidence
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12.2. Cyber operations exercise 222
Requirements
CriteriaMilitary forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
Evidence
The Singapore Armed Forces' Cyber Defence Test and Evaluation Centre (CyTEC) has been fully operational since 2015. It provides facilities for network security testing, cyber defence tools evaluation, and conduct of cyber defence training and exercises.
Singapore's Ministry of Defence conducted a Bug Bounty Programme that ran from 15 January 2018 to 4 February 2018.
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12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 111
Requirements
CriteriaThe country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
Accepted referencesExercise document/website or press release
Evidence
DEFNET18 – a multilateral cyber defence exercise
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CONTRIBUTORS
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore
