NCSI :: Singapore

30. Singapore 71.43

30th	National Cyber Security Index
4th	Global Cybersecurity Index
18th	ICT Development Index
2nd	Networked Readiness Index

Population		5.5million
Area (km2)		0.7thousand
GDP per capita ($)		98.0thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
18 Oct 2021		Public data collection

Version 18 Oct 2021

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 6/7 86%

6
7 86%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/
  
  "CSA is also empowered to develop and enforce cybersecurity regulations, policies, and practices. It will coordinate efforts across government, industry, academia, businesses and the people sector, as well as internationally." (Cyber Security Strategy, page 7)
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg
  
  "CSA is also empowered to develop and enforce cybersecurity regulations, policies, and practices. It will coordinate efforts across government, industry, academia, businesses and the people sector, as well as internationally." (Cyber Security Strategy, page 7)
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/publications/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy
  
  Singapore's Cybersecurity Strategy 2016
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/News/Publications/safer-cyberspace-masterplan
  
  Singapore's Safer Cyberspace Masterplan 2020
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/publications/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy
  
  Page 16: "The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) monitors and analyses the cyber threat landscape to maintain cyber situational awareness and anticipate future threats. In the event of large-scale cyber incidents involving multiple sectors, NCSC coordinates with the sector regulators to provide a national level response and facilitate quick alerts."
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/~/media/csa/documents/publications/singaporecyberlandscape.pdf
  
  Page 10 describes the three centres under the National Cyber Security Command (NCSC), which is under the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA). One of these centres is the National Cyber Threat Analsysis Centre (NCTAC).
  
  "NCTAC conducts all-source research and analysis to provide strategic insights on the Singapore cyber landscape. NCTAC’s research and analysis also include geopolitical perspectives, which often underpin the motivations and actions of cyber actors. NCTAC’s insights aim to inform CSA operations,national cyber policy-making, and contribute to public education."
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/News/Publications/singapore-cyber-landscape-2020
  
  Singapore Cyber Landscape – published in 2021 to review the threat landscape in 2020.
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/News/Publications/Singapore-Cyber-Landscape-2019
  
  Singapore Cyber Landscape – published in 2020 to review the threat landscape in 2019
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/gosafeonline
  
  https://www.facebook.com/gosafeonline
3. Education and professional development 9/9 100%

9
9 100%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.moe.gov.sg/programmes/cyber-wellness
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/programmes/ug/isc/curr/
  
  https://www.jcu.edu.sg/courses-and-study/courses/course/bachelor-of-cybersecurity
  
  https://www.psb-academy.edu.sg/edith-cowan-university/bachelor-of-science-cyber-security#course-structure
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/programmes/pg/misc/
  
  https://istd.sutd.edu.sg/education/mssd/
  
  https://www.lsbf.edu.sg/programmes/postgraduate/technology/master-of-science-in-information-security-and-digital-forensics/
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.nrf.gov.sg/programmes/national-cybersecurity-r-d-programme/national-cybersecurity-postgraduate-scholarship
  
  https://graduatestudies.smu.edu.sg/sites/graduatestudies.smu.edu.sg/files/SMU%20PhD%20in%20Computer%20Science-PhD%20in%20Information%20Systems%20Brochure%20Feb2020_0.pdf
  
  Students can undertake their PhD studies in any of these research areas: Cybersecurity.
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://engage.isaca.org/singaporechapter/home
  
  https://www.aisp.sg/story.html
4. Contribution to global cyber security 5/6 83%

5
6 83%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.first.org/members/teams/?#singapore
  
  https://www.apcert.org/about/structure/members.html
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Innovation/INTERPOL-Innovation-Centre
  
  INTERPOL Innovation Centre
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://cybilportal.org/projects/regional-cyber-capacity-building-seizing-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-east-asia-summit-workshop/

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 0/5 0%

0
5 0%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
6. Protection of essential services 6/6 100%

6
6 100%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2018
  
  See part 3 Critical Information Infrastructure, and First Schedule: Essential Services
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2018
  
  Requirements exist for CII owners: see Art 11 - Codes of practice and standards of performance, Art 14 (2) - Duty to report cybersecurity incident in respect of critical information infrastructure, Art 15 - Cybersecurity audits and risk assessments of critical information infrastructure, among others.
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2018
  
  Article 4 Appointment of Commissioner of Cybersecurity and other officers
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2018
  
  Article 15 Cybersecurity audits and risk assessments of critical information infrastructure
7. E-identification and trust services 3/9 33%

3
9 33%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.ica.gov.sg/about-us/our-history/SIR/NRD
  
  On 1 January 1968, the identity card system began issuing the same unique number for a person’s birth certificate and their identity card.
  
  https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Legislation-and-Guidelines/proposed-nric-advisory-guidelines---071117.pdf
  
  The National Registration Identification Card (“NRIC”) number comprises a unique sequence of numbers and letters of the alphabet issued to each lawful resident of Singapore (other than certain excluded persons) under the National Registration Act. The NRIC number of an individual is considered personal data as the individual can be identified from the unique sequence of numbers and letters. Organisations that collect NRIC numbers of individuals will have to comply with the Data Protection Provisions under the PDPA.
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.3. Electronic identification 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ETA2010
  
  The Electronic Transactions Act and in particular, the Electronic Transactions (Certification Authority) Regulations 2010, provides for the regulation of electronic identification (see section 22 of the Regulations on "Secure digital signatures").
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ETA2010
  
  Part II: Electronic Records, Signatures and Contracts & Third Schedule: Digital Signatures
- 7.5. Timestamping 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PDPA2012
  
  Personal Data Protection Act 2012
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/Who-We-Are/About-Us
  
  Personal Data Protection Commission

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 3/6 50%

3
6 50%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/singcert
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
10. Cyber crisis management 5/5 100%

5
5 100%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/publications/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy
  
  Page 16: "Singapore has developed a national cybersecurity response plan which allows for timely response and ground initiative at the local level, complemented with e ective coordination and strategic support at the sectoral and national level. The plan envisages three tiers of response – Tier 1 for cyber campaigns that threaten national security, Tier 2 for cyber-attacks on a sector, and Tier 3 for cyber-attacks on a speci c operator. The plan requires CSA to work closely with CII operators and the cybersecurity community to ensure an e ective response."
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/press-releases/exercise-cyber-star-2019
  
  Exercise Cyber Star 2019 (September 2019)
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.apcert.org/documents/pdf/APCERT_Drill2021_Press%20Release.pdf
  
  APCERT Cyber Drill 2021
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2018
  
  Section 22 of the Cybersecurity Act allows the Commissioner to appoint cybersecurity technical experts for a specified period to assist any incident response officer in the course of investigation of cybersecurity incidents.
  
  https://www.csa.gov.sg/news/publications/singapore-cybersecurity-strategy
  
  Page 17 of Singapore's Cybersecurity Strategy also elaborates on the Government's efforts to raise National Cyber Incident Resposnt Teams (NCIRTs) from academia and industry, which can be activated to assist the Government in dealing with large-scale cyber attacks.
11. Fight against cybercrime 7/9 78%

7
9 78%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CMA1993
  
  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Bills-Supp/15-2017/Published/20170309?DocDate=20170309
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.police.gov.sg/Who-We-Are/Organisation-Structure/Specialist-Staff-Departments
  
  Technology Crime Division under “Criminal Investigation Department” (please select this option from the dropdown menu)
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.police.gov.sg/Who-We-Are/Organisation-Structure/Specialist-Staff-Departments
  
  Forensics Division under “Criminal Investigation Department” (please select this option from the dropdown menu)
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
12. Military cyber operations 2/6 33%

2
6 33%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  CyTEC also hosts cyber crisis-management exercises involving agencies from across the defence sector.
  
  https://www.mindef.gov.sg/web/portal/mindef/news-and-events/latest-releases/article-detail/2019/September/27sep19_nr
  
  The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) conducted its second Bug Bounty Programme (BBP) from 30 September to 21 October 2019.
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence

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The information provided on the NCSI website is based on publicly available evidence materials. The appearance in the index and subsequent ranking is commensurate to the existence and public availability of such information. The NCSI links to third party websites and information. The NCSI and eGA are not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of third party website information.

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CONTRIBUTORS

Sebestian Xu
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore

30. Singapore 71.43

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 18 Oct 2021 Choose a version 18 Oct 2021 18 Sep 2018 22 Aug 2018 2 Mar 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

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Version 18 Oct 2021