NCSI :: Türkiye

Archived data from 2016-2023

55. Türkiye 61.04

55th	National Cyber Security Index
11th	Global Cybersecurity Index
67th	ICT Development Index
48th	Networked Readiness Index

Population		78.7million
Area (km2)		783.6thousand
GDP per capita ($)		27.6thousand

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

NCSI Update		Data source
28 Aug 2023		Public data collection
4 Mar 2020		Public data collection
28 Feb 2019		Public data collection
13 Nov 2018		Public data collection
10 May 2018		Public data collection

Version 28 Aug 2023

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

1. Cyber security policy development 7/7 100%

7
7 100%
- 1.1. Cyber security policy unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity (ministry or equivalent) has a specialised official or unit responsible for national cyber security policy development.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/some-bkk.pdf
  
  Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications (now Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure) according to Article 5 (1) a) of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers on the Execution, Management and Coordination of National Cyber Security Activities
  
  https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/5809-ehb.pdf
  
  Cyber Security Board – Article 67 (page 34) of the Electronic Communication Law
- 1.2. Cyber security policy coordination format 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has a committee, council, working group, etc. for national-level cyber security policy coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/some-bkk.pdf
  
  Siber Güvenlik Kurulu (Cyber Security Board) according to Article 4 (1) of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers on the Execution, Management and Coordination of National Cyber Security Activities
  
  https://www.btk.gov.tr/siber-guvenlik-kurulu
  
  Further information about the Cyber Security Board can be accessed with the link above.
- 1.3. Cyber security strategy 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established a national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/national-cyber-security-strategy-2020-2023.pdf
  
  The National Cybersecurity Strategy (2020-2023)
- 1.4. Cyber security strategy implementation plan 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The central government has established an implementation plan to the national-level cyber security strategy or other equivalent document.
  Accepted references
  Valid official document or its enforcement act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/national-cyber-security-strategy-2020-2023.pdf
  
  The National Cybersecurity Strategy (2020-2023), see section 10.
2. Cyber threat analysis and information 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 2.1. Cyber threats analysis unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A central government entity has a national-level unit that is specialised in national strategic cyber threat situation analysis.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 2.2. Public cyber threat reports are published annually 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The public part of the national cyber threat situation analysis is published at least once a year.
  Accepted references
  Official public report
  
  Evidence
- 2.3. Cyber safety and security website 1
  
  1
  1
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public authorities provide at least one cyber safety and security website for cyber security and ICT professionals, and regular users.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.btk.gov.tr/
  
  Information Technologies and Communications Authority - see for example "Internet" → "Safe Internet" :
  
  Secure Internet Service
  
  Secure Web
  
  Secure Child
  
  https://www.egm.gov.tr/siber/facebook-hesap-guvenligi
  
  Information materials on the website of the Department of Fighting Cyber Crimes
  
  https://www.usom.gov.tr/faydali-dokumanlar
  
  Information materials on the website of USOM: National Computer Emergency Response Team of Türkiye (TR-CERT)
3. Education and professional development 7/9 78%

7
9 78%
- 3.1. Cyber safety competencies in primary or secondary education 1
  
  1
  1
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Primary or secondary education curricula include cyber safety / computer safety competences.
  Accepted references
  Official curriculum or official report
  
  Evidence
  
  https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/1e14056b-6701-11ed-b14f-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
  
  "Structural indicators for monitoring education and training systems in Europe 2022", Eurydice background report, link above.
  
  See Figure 1: Compulsory starting grade and curriculum approaches to teaching digital competence, 2021/2022 (p.28); Türkiye has it for primary education (ISCED level 1), lower secondary education (ISCED level 24).
  
  See Figure 2: Learning outcomes related to selected digital competences defined in the DigComp framework, 2021/2022 (p.30); Türkiye has it for Information and Data Literacy (ISCED level 1 & ISCED level 24), Communication and Collaboration (ISCED level 1 & ISCED level 24), Digital Content Creation (ISCED level 1), Safety (ISCED level 1 & ISCED level 24) and Creatively using digital technologies (ISCED level 1 & ISCED level 24).
  
  http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Programlar.aspx
  
  See also Educational Programmes – Ministry of National Education Curriculum Monitoring and Evaluation System, link above.
- 3.2. Bachelor’s level cyber security programme 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Bachelor’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
- 3.3. Master’s level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at Master’s or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sec.sabanciuniv.edu/en
  
  https://uskudar.edu.tr/fbe/siber-guvenlik-yuksek-lisans-programi
  
  https://bau.edu.tr/icerik/8856-fen-bilimleri-enstitusu-siber-guvenlik
- 3.4. PhD level cyber security programme 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is at least one cyber security / electronic information security focused programme at PhD or equivalent level.
  Accepted references
  Accredited study programme
  
  Evidence
  
  https://sec.sabanciuniv.edu/en
- 3.5. Cyber security professional association 2
  
  2
  2
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a professional association of cyber/electronic information security specialists, managers or auditors.
  Accepted references
  Website
  
  Evidence
  
  ISACA Ankara
  
  ISACA Istanbul Chapter
  
  https://softcybersec.org/hakkimizda/
  
  Association of Software and Cyber Security
  
  https://bilgiguvenligi.org.tr/hakkimizda/
  
  Information Security Association
4. Contribution to global cyber security 3/6 50%

3
6 50%
- 4.1. Convention on Cybercrime 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has ratified the Convention on Cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website of the convention
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/185/signatures?p_auth=zrS8ISMY
- 4.2. Representation in international cooperation formats 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government is regularly represented in a cooperation format that is dedicated to international cyber security (e.g. FIRST).
  Accepted references
  Official website of the cooperation format
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.first.org/members/teams/?#turkey
  
  FIRST
  
  https://www.oic-cert.org/en/allmembers.html#.Wi6CcyOB29Z
  
  OIC-CERT
  
  https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Cybersecurity/Documents/Status_ITU_IMPACT.pdf
  
  ITU-IMPACT
- 4.3. International cyber security organisation hosted by the country 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  A regional or international cyber security organisation is hosted by the country.
  Accepted references
  Organisation’s official website
  
  Evidence
- 4.4. Cyber security capacity building for other countries 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country has (co-)financed or (co-)organised at least one capacity building project for another country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Official website or project document
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.tika.gov.tr/en/news/tika_supports_tanzania_s_transition_to_e_government-71106
  
  https://www.tika.gov.tr/en/news/tika_implemented_a_capacity_building_project_for_arma_a_government_agency_in_ukraine-67527
  
  https://www.tika.gov.tr/en/news/tika_continues_to_enable_turkey_to_share_its_experience_in_security_with_friendly_nations-66847

BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

5. Protection of digital services 1/5 20%

1
5 20%
- 5.1. Cyber security responsibility for digital service providers 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to legislation, digital service providers (except micro and small enterprises): (1) must manage cyber/ICT risks or (2) must implement established cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 5.2. Cyber security standard for the public sector 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Public sector digital service providers must implement (1) cyber/ICT security requirements (defined by legislation) or (2) a widely recognised security standard.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/asbk.pdf
  
  https://www.uab.gov.tr/siber-guvenlik
- 5.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise public and private digital service providers regarding the implementation of cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
6. Protection of essential services 1/6 17%

1
6 17%
- 6.1. Operators of essential services are identified 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act that allows to identify operators of essential services.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/national-cyber-security-strategy-2020-2023.pdf
  
  National Cyber Security Strategy (2020-2023), see section 9.I (Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Increasing Resilience), link above.
- 6.2. Cyber security requirements for operators of essential services 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  According to the legislation, operators of essential services must manage cyber/ICT risks.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.3. Competent supervisory authority 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a competent authority in the field of cyber/information security that has the power to supervise operators of essential services, regarding cyber/information security requirements.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 6.4. Regular monitoring of security measures 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Operators of essential services must regularly (at least once every 3 years) provide evidence of the effective implementation of cyber/information security policies (e.g. audit result, documentation, specific report).
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
7. E-identification and trust services 7/9 78%

7
9 78%
- 7.1. Unique persistent identifier 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government provides a unique persistent identifier to all citizens, residents, and legal entities. For example, the identifier remains the same after document expiration and name change.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2006/10/20061021-15.htm
  
  Circular 2006/33 on the Implementation of Law No. 5490
  
  https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5490.pdf
  
  Turkish republic identification number according to Law 5490
  
  https://www.oecd.org/tax/automatic-exchange/crs-implementation-and-assistance/tax-identification-numbers/Turkiye-TIN.pdf
  
  Tax Identification Number
  
  “ All legal entities, unincorporated entities and individuals must obtain a tax identification number (TIN) in order to undertake professional or business activities in Türkiye. As of 1 July 2006, the National Identity Number is used as the unique identification number for Turkish citizens and all TINs for citizens were matched with their National Identification Number in tax database system. Foreigners staying in Türkiye more than six months are also required to obtain a TIN. Foreign nationals can also use their Foreign Identity Numbers instead of TIN if it is available. Tax Identification Number is given on the basis of identification information via central taxpayer registry files. TIN is given to: - Legal Entities - Legal Entities having no tax liability - Foreign Nationals who do not have Foreign Identity number - Foreign Legal Entities” – Cited source can be accessed with the link above.
- 7.2. Requirements for cryptosystems 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Requirements for cryptosystems in the field of trust services are regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.3. Electronic identification 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic identification is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://giris.turkiye.gov.tr/Giris/T-C-Kimlik-Karti#
- 7.4. Electronic signature 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  E-signature is regulated
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5070.pdf
  
  Electronic Signature Law N. 5070
  
  https://cakmak.av.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/1-The-Turkish-Electronic-Signature-Law-1.pdf
  
  Additional information/ overview about Law N. 5070
- 7.5. Timestamping 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Timestamping is regulated.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7224&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  
  Regulation on Procedures and Principles on Implementation of Electronic Signature Law
- 7.6. Electronic registered delivery service 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Electronic registered delivery service between state entities, citizens and private sector entities is regulated. The service provides legally binding data exchange and guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of information.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 7.7. Competent supervisory authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an authority responsible for the supervision of qualified trust service providers.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5070.pdf
  
  Telecommunication Authority according to the Electronic Signature Law N. 5070
  
  Article 15
8. Protection of personal data 4/4 100%

4
4 100%
- 8.1. Personal data protection legislation 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a legal act for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.kisiselverilerinkorunmasi.org/kanunu-ingilizce-ceviri/
  
  Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698 dated April 7, 2016
- 8.2. Personal data protection authority 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is an independent public supervisory authority that is responsible for personal data protection.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Home?langText=tr
  
  Personal Data Protection Board
  
  https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6698&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5
  
  Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698 dated April 7, 2016, Chapter Six, link above

INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

9. Cyber incidents response 3/6 50%

3
6 50%
- 9.1. Cyber incidents response unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has a unit (CSIRT, CERT, CIRT, etc.) that is specialised in national-level cyber incident detection and response.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://hgm.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/siber-guvenlik/national-cyber-security-strategy-2020-2023.pdf
  
  USOM: National Computer Emergency Response Team of Türkiye (TR-CERT), see National Cyber Security Strategy (2020-2023), p. 14, link above.
  
  https://www.usom.gov.tr/
  
  https://www.first.org/members/teams/#turkey
- 9.2. Reporting responsibility 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Digital service providers and operators of essential services have an obligation to notify appointed government authorities of cyber security incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 9.3. Single point of contact for international coordination 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated a single point of contact for international cyber security coordination.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
10. Cyber crisis management 3/5 60%

3
5 60%
- 10.1. Cyber crisis management plan 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has established a crisis management plan for large-scale cyber incidents.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
- 10.2. National-level cyber crisis management exercise 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has conducted a national-level cyber crisis management exercise or a crisis management exercise with a cyber component in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.btk.gov.tr/haberler/siber-kalkan-2022-basladi
  
  National Cyber Shield Exercise 2022, click also here for further information.
  
  https://savturk.com/en/national-cyber-shield-2021-exercise-has-started
  
  National Cyber Shield Exercise 2021
- 10.3. Participation in international cyber crisis exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's team has participated in an international cyber crisis management exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/-/cybereast-fourth-regional-cyber-cooperation-exercise
  
  Fourth Regional Cyber Cooperation Exercise 2022
- 10.4. Operational support of volunteers in cyber crises 0
  
  0
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The procedures for using volunteers in the field of cyber security are established by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
11. Fight against cybercrime 9/9 100%

9
9 100%
- 11.1. Cybercrimes are criminalised 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Cybercrimes are defined by legislation.
  Accepted references
  Legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5237.pdf
  
  Turkish Penal Code No. 5237, see for example Articles 243, 244, 245, 103, 158/1-f.
  
  https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/KANUNLAR_KARARLAR/kanuntbmmc074/kanuntbmmc074/kanuntbmmc07403756.pdf
  
  Amending some Articles of the Turkish Penal Code No. 765, link above
  
  https://www.coe.int/en/web/octopus/-/turkey
- 11.2. Cybercrime unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of combatting cybercrime.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://rm.coe.int/3148-2-3-ecteg-11-tdt-turkey/1680727f0a
  
  Turkish National Police Department Of Cyber Crime
  
  https://www.egm.gov.tr/siber
  
  Department of Combating Cybercrime within the body of the General Directorate
- 11.3. Digital forensics unit 3
  
  3
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  There is a government entity with a specific function of digital forensics.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://rm.coe.int/3148-2-3-ecteg-11-tdt-turkey/1680727f0a
- 11.4. 24/7 contact point for international cybercrime 2
  
  2
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The government has designated an international 24/7 contact point for cybercrimes.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
  
  https://rm.coe.int/cyber-list-of-competent-authorities-september-2021/1680a3aaae
  
  Department of Cybercrime Turkish National Police; Ministry of Interior EGM Siber Suçlarla Mücadele
12. Military cyber operations 1/6 17%

1
6 17%
- 12.1. Cyber operations unit 0
  
  0
  3
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have a unit (cyber command, etc.) that is specialised in planning and conducting cyber operations.
  Accepted references
  Official website or legal act
  
  Evidence
- 12.2. Cyber operations exercise 0
  
  0
  2
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  Military forces have conducted a cyber operations exercise or an exercise with a cyber operations component in the country in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
- 12.3. Participation in international cyber exercises 1
  
  1
  1
  
  Requirements
  
  Criteria
  The country's military team has participated in an international cyber operations exercise in the last 3 years.
  Accepted references
  Exercise document/website or press release
  
  Evidence
  
  https://www.msb.gov.tr/Basin-ve-Yayin/Aciklamalar/985842bda91d49b7986792203ca5a602
  
  Locked Shields 2023

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The information provided on the NCSI website is based on publicly available evidence materials. The appearance in the index and subsequent ranking is commensurate to the existence and public availability of such information. The NCSI links to third party websites and information. The NCSI and eGA are not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of third party website information.

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Archived data from 2016-2023

55. Türkiye 61.04

NCSI FULFILMENT PERCENTAGE

NCSI DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE 3 years All data

RANKING TIMELINE

Version 28 Aug 2023 Choose a version 28 Aug 2023 4 Mar 2020 28 Feb 2019 13 Nov 2018 10 May 2018

GENERAL CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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BASELINE CYBER SECURITY INDICATORS

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INCIDENT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT INDICATORS

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Version 28 Aug 2023